How many groups of HIV drugs are there?<\/strong> How are these types of HIV drugs used in treatment?<\/strong> One tablet does not mean one drug, because one tablet can contain combinations of two or more drugs. <\/p>\n\n\n\n How do nucleoside\/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs and NtRTIs) work?<\/strong> How do non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) work?<\/strong> How do integrase inhibitors (II) work?<\/strong> How do protease inhibitors (PIs) work?<\/strong> How do entry inhibitors (EIs) work?<\/strong> Published with support of<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n priredio: Bratislav Proki\u0107, jul 2022.recenzija: dr Jovana Mili\u0107, Metaboli\u010dka klinika<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1072","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\n
There are five main groups of antiretroviral (ART) drugs: nucleoside\/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), integrase inhibitors (II), entry inhibitors (EI), protease inhibitors (PI). There are a few more groups that are used less frequently or are still under development. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Most people start therapy with two drugs from the group of nucleoside\/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors, which they call backbone therapy, to which they add one drug from the groups of integrase, protease or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Drugs from this group interfere with the HIV enzyme \u2013 reverse transcriptase in the conversion (transcription) of single-membered viral RNA into double-membered viral DNA. This class of drugs is often called the \u201cbackbone\u201d, or the basis of the first line of therapy against HIV. This group of drugs includes: lamivudine, tenofovir, emtricitabine, abacavir and others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Drugs from the group of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors target the same enzyme as nucleoside\/nucleotide inhibitors (NRTIs), but they do so by directly binding to it (reverse transcriptase enzyme) and thus disrupting the process of converting (transcription) RNA viruses into double-stranded viral DNA . Medicines from this group are: efavirenz, rilpavirine, nevirapine and others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Drugs from this group interfere with the HIV enzyme integrase to integrate the processed double-stranded viral DNA into the DNA of the host (into human cells). This group of drugs includes: raltegravir, dolutegravir, bictegravir and others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Drugs from this group block the activity of the protease enzyme, which breaks down large polyproteins into smaller parts, needed to assemble new viral particles. Medicines from this group are: darunavir, lopinavir and others. These drugs are always accompanied by auxiliary drugs \u2013 boosters, which make the liver break down the primary drug more slowly, so that it stays in the body longer. Boosters are: cobicistat and ritonavir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
There are two types of drugs that prevent HIV from entering a human cell: fusion inhibitors and CCR5 inhibitors. A fusion inhibitor (drug: enfuvirtide) stops the fusion of the HIV envelope protein with the CD4 cell. This medicine is given by injection and is therefore rarely used. CCR5 inhibitor (drug: maraviroc) blocks this co-receptor. Because in some people HIV can bind to another, CXCR4 receptor, a special test must be done before giving this medicine. <\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/potent.org.rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/MedicoPharmacia-Logo-JJ.jpg\"){kind=logo}
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