{"id":403,"date":"2021-07-16T16:55:37","date_gmt":"2021-07-16T14:55:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/potent.org.rs\/?page_id=403"},"modified":"2021-07-19T17:39:12","modified_gmt":"2021-07-19T15:39:12","slug":"osnovne-cinjenice-o-zivotu-sa-hiv-om-danas","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/potent.org.rs\/en\/osnovne-cinjenice-o-zivotu-sa-hiv-om-danas\/","title":{"rendered":"Osnovne \u010dinjenice o \u017eivotu sa HIV-om danas"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Ovo su kratki odgovori na naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e postavljena pitanja od strane osoba koje su tek otkrile HIV infekciju. Detaljnije informacije o ovim temama potra\u017eite u drugim poglavljima u odeljku &#8222;\u017divot sa HIV-om&#8220;. Za dodatna obja\u0161njenja ili podr\u0161ku, <a href=\"http:\/\/potent.org.rs\/en\/kontakt\/\">kontaktirajte nas.<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right wp-block-paragraph\">Bratislav Proki\u0107, jul 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Umire li se od HIV-a?<\/strong><br>HIV&nbsp;uni\u0161tava \u0107elije imunskog sistema (CD4 limfocite) koje poma\u017eu u bori protiv infekcija. Na taj na\u010din, HIV infekcija slabi odbranu organizma i dovodi do komplikacija i fatalnog ishoda &#8211; osim ako se efikasno i kontinirano ne le\u010di antiretrovirusnim lekovima. Sa le\u010denjem se otpo\u010dinje odmah po postavljanju dijagnoze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Koliko dugo se \u017eivi sa HIV-om?<\/strong><br>Prose\u010dno vreme <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">nele\u010dene<\/span> HIV infekcije, od trenutka inficiranja do razvoja bolesti i smrti, je osam do deset godina. Uz kontinuirano uzimanje antiretrovirusne terapije, \u017eivotni vek osoba sa HIV-om mo\u017ee biti gotovo isti kao i kod neinficiranih. <em>Na primer, o\u010dekuje se da neko ko zapo\u010dne le\u010denje sa 35 godina, do\u017eivi oko 80 godina.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Da li se sa HIV-om mo\u017ee \u017eiveti zdravo?<\/strong><br>Ako na vreme otpo\u010dne sa antiretrovirusnom terapijom i kontinuirano se le\u010di, osoba sa HIV-om mo\u017ee sa\u010duvati zdravlje i imati gotovo neskra\u0107en \u017eivotni vek. Terapija ne mo\u017ee eliminisati HIV, ali ga mo\u017ee potisnuti do nemerljivog nivoa. Pored uspe\u0161nog le\u010denja, zdravlje osoba sa HIV-om najvi\u0161e zavisi od stila \u017eivota i genetike. Ne treba zaboraviti i razmeru \u0161tete koju je nele\u010dena HIV infekcija na\u010dinila pre otpo\u010dinjanja sa antiretrovirusnom terapijom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0160ta se de\u0161ava ako se HIV otkrije u kasnoj fazi?<br><\/strong>Ako se sa le\u010denjem ne otpo\u010dne na vreme, HIV infekcija \u0107e napredovati i dovesti do pojave oportunisti\u010dkih infekcija i kancera. To stanje se naziva AIDS ili sida i \u017eivotno je ugro\u017eavaju\u0107e. Oportunisti\u010dke infekcije zahtevaju bolni\u010dko le\u010denje, koje mo\u017ee biti dugo i neizvesno. Ako se osoba sasvim oporavi, mogu\u0107e je nastaviti sa normalnim \u017eivotom i le\u010denjem. Na\u017ealost, to nije uvek slu\u010daj. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Kako deluju antiretrovirusni lekovi?<br><\/strong>Antiretrovirusni lekovi (ARV ili ART) spre\u010davaju razmno\u017eavanje HIV-a u telu. Kada virus prodre u imunske \u0107elije &#8211; CD4 limfocite, ovi lekovi blokiraju njegove mehanizme za razmno\u017eavanje. U roku od nekoliko meseci le\u010denja broj virusnih \u0107elija \u0107e se toliko smanjiti, da vi\u0161e ne\u0107e mo\u0107i da se detektuje PCR testom.  Sve dok osoba redovno uzima propisanu ARV terapiju, HIV ne\u0107e mo\u0107i da se razmno\u017eava, ugro\u017eava zdravlje, niti da se prenosi seksualnim putem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Kakva su ne\u017eeljena dejstva antiretrovirusnih lekova?<br><\/strong>Savremeni antiretrovirusni lekovi se lako podnose i jednostavno uzimaju. Obi\u010dno se radi o jednoj ili dve tablete dnevno.  Ve\u0107ina pacijenata ne ose\u0107a nikakva ne\u017eeljena dejstva. Kod nekih se jave blagi simptomi mu\u010dnine ili glavobolje, koje  pro\u0111u kroz par dana. U slu\u010daju da propisana terapija ne odgovara pacijentu, lekar je mo\u017ee promeniti. Neka ne\u017eeljena dejstva se jave usled dugogodi\u0161njeg uzimanja nekih lekova, pa su zato lekarske kontrole od velikog zna\u010daja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Da li HIV infekcija i le\u010denje zahtevaju promenu re\u017eima ishrane i fizi\u010dke aktivnosti?<br><\/strong>Ve\u0107ina antiretrovirusnih lekova se ne pije uz obrok i ne zahteva nikakav poseban re\u017eim ishrane. Raznovrsna i redovna ishrana, kao i umerena fizi\u010dka aktivnost, poma\u017eu osobama sa HIV-om da odr\u017ee optimalnu kila\u017eu, o\u010duvaju imunitet i dobro absorbuju lekove. Ishranu i fizi\u010dku aktivnost je potrebno prilagoditi u slu\u010daju poodmakle HIV infekcije i prisustva drugih bolesti, u slu\u010daju iscrpljenosti, nedostatku apetita, dijareje i sl. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Treba li osoba sa HIV-om da pije neke suplemente?<br><\/strong>Postoje malo dokaza da suplementi imaju ikakvog efekta. Infektolozi savetuju da je zdrava i izbalansirana ishrana dovoljna, a <em>u nekim zemljama se uz antiretrovirusnu terapiju propisuje i vitamin D<\/em>. O izboru suplemenata treba konsultovati lekara jer neki mogu biti kontraindikovani sa antiretrovirusnim lekovima, ili mogu opteretiti bubrege i jetru. Ako se suplementi uzimaju, izme\u0111u njih i terapije za HIV treba napraviti bar dva sata razmaka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Da li osobe sa HIV-om mogu da konzumiraju alkohol, cigarete, drogu?<br><\/strong>Pu\u0161enje, po sebi, ne uti\u010de na HIV infekciju, nema interakcije sa lekovima, ali mo\u017ee smanjiti \u017eivotni vek osoba sa HIV infekcijom. <em>Jedna studija pokazuje da pu\u0161a\u010di sa HIV-om imaju za 82% ve\u0107i rizik od sr\u010danog udara od nepu\u0161a\u010da sa HIV-om.<\/em> Alkohol i droge mogu imati interakcije sa pojedinim lekovima. Zato je va\u017eno da pri izboru ARV lekova, otvoreno razgovarate sa lekarom otvoreno o svom \u017eivotnom stilu. Ako \u017eelite da se re\u0161ite zavisnosti, savetujemo da potra\u017eite lekarsku pomo\u0107!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Da li je osoba koja otkrije HIV infekciju du\u017ena da nekome otkrije svoju dijagnozu?<\/strong><br>Osoba sa HIV-om nije du\u017ena da otkrije svoju dijagnozu bilo kome. Znaju\u0107i da je inficirana, osoba sa HIV-om je zakonski du\u017ena da ne dovede u rizik druge od prenosa infekcije. Sa druge strane, osoba sa HIV-om treba da obavesti svog lekara o dijagnozi, kako bi dobila adekvatnu lekarsku negu. Zdravstveni radnici su du\u017eni da koriste iste mere za\u0161tite prema svim pacijentima i da tretiraju sve zdravstvene informacije o pacijentu kao poverljive. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ovo su kratki odgovori na naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e postavljena pitanja od strane<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":441,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-403","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Osnovne \u010dinjenice o \u017eivotu sa HIV-om danas - POTENT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/potent.org.rs\/en\/osnovne-cinjenice-o-zivotu-sa-hiv-om-danas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Osnovne \u010dinjenice o \u017eivotu sa HIV-om danas - 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